The Scientists科学家 txt umd azw3 下载 fb2 pdf 在线 免费

As expansive （and as massive） as a textbook， this remarkably readable popular history explores the development of modern science through the individual stories of philosophers and scientists both renowned and overlooked。 Prolific popular science writer Gribbin wants to use the lives of these thinkers to show how they “reflect the society in which they lived， and　the way the work of one specific scientist followed from that of another。”While he makes this case well， the real joy in the book can be found in the way Gribbin （who has made complex science understandable in such books as In Search of Schr“dinger”s Cat） revels not just in the development of science but also in the human details of his subjects’ lives。 He writes， “Science is made from people， not people by science，”and the book weaves together countless stories of the people who made science， from the arrogance and political maneuverings of Tycho Brahe in the 16th century to Benjamin Thompson’s exploits during the American Revolution as a spy for the British and his later life as Count Rumford of Bavaria （in the realm of science， he studied convection and helped discredit the caloric theory of heat）。 Though the names and discoveries become more and more prolific as the book reaches the 19th century， Gribbin does an admirable job of organizing his narrative around coherent topics （e.g. “The Darwinian Revolution，”“Atoms and Molecules，” “The Realm of Life”）， leaving the reader exhausted by the journey， but in awe of the personalities and the sheer scope of 500 years' worth of scientific discovery。

作者简介：

　 JOHN GRIBBIN trained as an astrophysicist at Cambridge University and is currently Visiting Fellow in Astronomy at the University of Sussex。His many books include In Search of Schrodinger’s Cat，Schrodinger’s Kittens and the Search for Reality，Q is for Quantum，and Deep Simplicity。

List of lllustrations xi

Acknowledgements xv

Introduction xvii

Book One：OUT OF THE DARK AGES

1. Renaissance Men

Emerging from the dark-The elegance of Copernicus-The Earth moves！-The orbits of the planets-Leonard Digges and the telescope-Thomas Digges and the infinite Universe-Bruno：a martyr for science？-Copernican model banned by catholic church-Vesalius：surgeon，dissector and grave-robber-Fallopio and Fabricius-William Harvey and the circulation of the blood。

2. The Last Mystics

The movement of the planets-Tycho Brahe-Measuring star positions-Tycho’s supernova-Tycho observes comet-His model of the Universe-Johannes Kepler：Tycho’s assistant and inheritor-Kepler’s geometrical model of the Universe-New thoughts on the motion of planets：Kepler’s first and second laws-Kepler’s third law-Publication of the Rudolphine star tables-Kepler’s death。

3. The First Scientists

William Gibert and magnetism-Galileo on the pendulum，gravity and acceleration-His invention of the‘compass’-His supernova studies-Lippershey’s reinvention of the telescope-Galileo’s developments thereon-Copernican ideas of Galileo judged heretical-Galileo publishes Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems-Threatenrd with torture，he recants-Galileo publishes Two New Sciences-His death。

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甚

至有推测认为，太阳可能是宇宙中心，而地球则绕其运动一这可以回

溯至公元前3世纪的阿利斯塔克（Aristarchus），且在托勒玫之后的几个

世纪中偶或复活。但是这样的想法未能获得支持，主要是因为它们公

然违反了“常识”。很显然，实心的地球不可能运动！这是一个极好的

例子，它说明了，如果你想知道宇宙如何运行，那就有必要避免以常识为依据行事。

记住，16世纪时，运动意味着骑在一匹疾驰的马上或是坐在一辆在车辙纵横的路上被拖曳行走的马车上。平滑运动（smooth motion）一即使是像一辆行驶在高速公路上的汽车那样的平滑运动—的概念如果没有任何直接体验的话必定很难理解。迟至19世纪，还有人为以火车的速度—可能高达每小时25千米一行进可能会对人体健康有害而忧心忡忡。

书籍介绍

A wonderfully readable account of scientific development over the past five hundred years, focusing on the lives and achievements of individual scientists, by the bestselling author of In Search of Schrödinger’s Cat

In this ambitious new book, John Gribbin tells the stories of the people who have made science, and of the times in which they lived and worked. He begins with Copernicus, during the Renaissance, when science replaced mysticism as a means of explaining the workings of the world, and he continues through the centuries, creating an unbroken genealogy of not only the greatest but also the more obscure names of Western science, a dot-to-dot line linking amateur to genius, and accidental discovery to brilliant deduction.

By focusing on the scientists themselves, Gribbin has written an anecdotal narrative enlivened with stories of personal drama, success and failure. A bestselling science writer with an international reputation, Gribbin is among the few authors who could even attempt a work of this magnitude. Praised as “a sequence of witty, information-packed tales” and “a terrific read” by The Times upon its recent British publication, The Scientists breathes new life into such venerable icons as Galileo, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Linus Pauling, as well as lesser lights whose stories have been undeservedly neglected. Filled with pioneers, visionaries, eccentrics and madmen, this is the history of science as it has never been told before.

From the Hardcover edition.