Fieldwork for Design设计用现场工作：理论与实践 txt umd azw3 下载 fb2 pdf 在线 免费

Fieldwork for Design looks at why ethnographic approaches have been turned to in the design of computing devices for the workplace, for the home and elsewhere. It presents a history of ethnography, both as it was practiced before computer science picked it up and since, most especially in the CSCW and HCI domains. It examines, further, the various ethnographic or ‘fieldwork’ frameworks currently popular, explaining and examining what each claims and entails. The focus of the book throughout is on the practical relationship between theory and practice, a relationship that is often misunderstood yet fundamental to successful design.

The book is illustrated with real examples from the authors’ various experiences in academic and commercial settings, reporting on the use of ethnography before, during and after design innovation and implementation. The result is a book that provides the working knowledge necessary for using any kind of ethnographic approach in the design of computer technologies.

Written to provide an overview of the topic for researchers and graduates, as well as practitioners, this book will prove an invaluable resource for all in the field.As an HCI researcher and practitioner, I am delighted to see, at last, a balanced view about the practice of ethnography within our field.

Gary Marsden, Associate Professor of HCI, University of Cape Town, South Africa

Dr Dave Randall is Senior Lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Professor Richard Harper is a Senior Researcher for Microsoft

Mark Rouncefield is a Senior Research Fellow at Lancaster University

Dedication.

Acknowledgements.

1 Ethnography,Fieldwork，and Design：Preliminary Remarks.

1.1 Preamble

　1.1.1 What Is Fieldwork，and Is Ethnographya Special Kind ofFieldworks

　 1.1.2 Where Does one Start or Is a View fromNowhere Acceptables

　 1.1.3 What Is Done whrhen One Does‘Fieldwork’?

　 1.1.4 How Does One Decide What and Who Might Be the Appropriate Subjects ofan Enquiry7

　 1.1.5 How Do We Orient to Ethnographic Data EitherDuring Feedback Processes or Subsequent to the Fieldwork7

　　1.2 0verview ofthe Book

Part 1 Theoretical and Analytic Issues

2 The State ofPlay.

　 2.1 Disciplinary Assumptions，Fieldwork，and Ethnography

　 2.1.1 CognitiveWorkAnalysis

　 2.2 Sociological Method，Sensibility，and Analytic Stance

　　2.2.1 Contextual Design’

　 2.3 The Third Variant：Ethnomethodological Indifference

　 2.3.1 Designing Collaborative Systems

　 2.4 Morals and Metaphors.

　 2.4.1 Issues Arisin9.

　　2.5 Conclusion

　　2.5.1 Ethnography Is Part of a Social Science Tradition

　2.5.2 Ethnography Is Naturalistic

　 2.5.3 Ethnography Is Prolonged.

　 2.5.4 Ethnographic Enquiries Seek to Elicit the Social World from the Point ofView ofThose Who Inhabit It.

　2.5.5 Ethnographic Data Resist Formalisation

3 Some Perspectives

　 3.1 GroundedTheory—Glaser and Strauss.

　 3.1.1 The Constant Comparative Method

　 3.2 Participative Design(PD)

　 3.2.1 The Politics ofDesign.

　3.2.2 Participation

　 3.2.3 Methods，Tools，and Techniques.

　3.3 Conversation Analysis and Interaction Analysis

4 Activity Theory,Distributed Cognition，and Actor-Network Theory

　 4.1 Activity Theory

　4.2 Distributed Cognition

　 4.3 Actor.Network Theory(ANT)

　4.4 Ethnomethodology

　4.4.1 Ethnomethodological Studies of Work

　 4.4.2 Ethnomethodologically Informed Ethnography：Clearing up Confusions

　 4.4.3 Why?Questions

　4.4.4 Perspective and Practicality

Part 2 Methods for Social Investigation：Practical Issues

5 Ethnography and Its Role in the Design Process‘IfYou MustWork Together’

　 5.1 The Purposes ofMethod.

　5.2 Practical Matters

　5.2.1 Ethnography，Data，and Design

　 5.2.2 Analysis Versus Synthesis

　 5.2.3 Nonjudgmental Versus Judgmental Investigation

　5.2.4 The Prolonged Nature of Ethnographic Analysis

　……

Part 3 Analytic Issues: What Have We Got?

Bibliography

Author Index

Subject Index

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